Micronutrients Intake Status Between Risk and Non-Risk Anemia Groups Among University Students in Indonesia
Article History
Submited : April 20, 2021
Published : April 20, 2021
Anemia status is one of the public health problems at both global and Indonesia. The prevalence of anemia was found higher in the women of reproductive age. The prevalence in Special Region of Yogyakarta was even larger than the national average (34% vs 21.7%) for women of reproductive age group. Poor intake of micronutrient could be a major contributor to anemia. The aim of this study was to determine the difference of micronutrient intake among student with risk and no-risk anemia in the Alma Ata University. This cross-sectional study conducted from August to September 2020. Of 128 subjects was recruited and divided into two groups (64 risk anemia and 64 non-risk anemia group). The screening of anemia status was obtained by using self-assessment of clinical/physical questionnaires. Micronutrient intakes such as iron, folic acid, zinc, vitamin B6 and B12, cooper, and vitamin C were assessed by Semi Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQ-FFQ). Independent T-test was created to analyze the difference of micronutrient intake in risk and non-risk anemia groups. In this study, there were significant differences in the intake of micronutrients such as iron (p <0.001), folic acid (p <0.001), Zn (p <0.001), vitamin B6 (p <0.001), B12 (p = 0.008), and vitamin C (p <0.001) among students in risk and non-risk of anemia. However, there was no significant difference in Cu intake (p = 0.975). In conclusion, lower micronutrient intake among students could lead to have higher anemia risk. Further studies with larger samples are required to confirm these findings.
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31. Pratiwi, Eka. (2015). Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Anemia [Skripsi]. Jakarta: Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah.
32. Shariff, S.A; dan Akbar, Nurlina. (2018). Hubungan antara Status Gizi dan Pola Menstruasi dengan Kejadian Anemia pada Mhasiswi Prodi Kebidanan Universitas Muslim Indonesia. Window of Health. 1(1) : 34-39.
33. Thomson CA, Stanaway J, Neuhouser ML, Snetselaar LG, Stefanick ML, Arendell L, Chen Z. (2011). Nutrient intake and Anemia Risk in the WHI Observational Study. J Am Diet Assoc: 111(4): 532;541.
34. Wicaksono, Teguh dan Noer, E R. (2018). Perbedaan Asupan Zat Gizi pada Lansia Anemia dan Non Anemia. Journal of Nutrition College: 2(3) : 358-363.
35. Zhang, Q., Qin, G., Liu, Z., Li, Z., Li, J., Varma, D. S., Wan, Q., Zhao, J., Min, X., Han, X., & Liu, M. (2018). Dietary Balance Index-07 and the Risk of Anemia in Middle Aged and Elderly People in Southwest China: A Cross Sectional Study. Nutrients, 10(2), 162. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10020162.
36. Bakti. Hematologi Klinik Ringkas. Jakarta : ECG; 2015.
2. Aji, A.S., Erwinda, E., Rasyid, R., Yusrawati, Y., Malik, S.G., Alathari, B., Lovegrove, J.A., Lipoeto, N.I., Vimaleswaran, K.S. (2020a). A genetic approach to study the relationship between maternal Vitamin D status and newborn anthropometry measurements: the Vitamin D pregnant mother (VDPM) cohort study. J Diabetes Metab Disord 19, 91–103. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40200-019-00480-5.
3. Aji, A.S., Erwinda, E., Yusrawati, Y., Malik, S.G., Lipoeto, N.I. (2019a). Vitamin D deficiency status and its related risk factors during early pregnancy: a cross-sectional study of pregnant Minangkabau women, Indonesia. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 19, 183. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-019-2341-4.
4. Aji, A.S., Yerizel, E., Desmawati, D., Lipoeto, N.I. (2019b). Low Maternal Vitamin D and Calcium Food Intake during Pregnancy Associated with Place of Residence: A Cross-Sectional Study in West Sumatran Women, Indonesia. Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 7, 2879–2885. https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2019.659.
5. Aji, A.S., Yusrawati, Y., Malik, S.G., Lipoeto, N.I. (2020). Prevalence of anemia and factors associated with pregnant women in West Sumatra, Indonesia: Findings from VDPM Cohort Study. Jurnal Gizi dan Dietetik Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics) 7, 97–106. https://doi.org/10.21927/ijnd.2019.7(3).%p.
6. Almatsier, S. (2009). Prinsip Dasar Ilmu Gizi. Jakarta : Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
7. Astuti, E Y. (2019). Perbedaan Asupan Mineral antara Remaja Putri yang Anemia dan Non Anemia di SDN Totosari I dan Tunggulsari I, II Surakarta [Skripsi]. Surakarta: Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta.
8. Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan. (2019). Riset Kesehatan Dasar 2018. Jakarta : Kementerian Kesehatan RI.
9. Bardosono, S. (2016). Maternal Micronutrient Deficiency during the First Trimester among Indonesian Pregnant Women Living in Jakarta. JKI 4, 76–81. https://doi.org/10.23886/ejki.4.6281.76-81.
10. Briawan, Dodik MCN. (2014). Anemia: Masalah Gizi pada Remaja Wanita. Jakarta: ECG.
11. Cendani, C., Murbawani, E.A., (2011). Asupan Mikronutrien, Kadar Hemoglobin dan Kesegaran Jasmani Remaja Putri. MEDIA MEDIKA INDONESIANA 45, 26–33.
12. Chibriyah, Rizka. (2017). Hubungan Pola Makan dan Aktivitas Fisik terhadap Kadar Hemoglobin Santriwati Pondok Pesantren Al-Munawwir Krapyak Bantul [Skripsi]. Yogyakarta: Universitas ‘Aisyiyah Yogyakarta.
13. Compounds, I. of M. (US) P. on D.A. and R., (2000). Vitamin C, Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium, and Carotenoids. National Academies Press (US).
14. Christian, P., Stewart, C.P. (2010). Maternal micronutrient deficiency, fetal development, and the risk of chronic disease. J. Nutr. 140, 437–445. https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.109.116327
15. Dinas Kesehatan DI Yogyakarta. (2017). Profil Kesehatan Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta Tahun 2017. DI Yogyakarta: Dinas Kesehatan DI Yogyakarta.
16. Fadlillah, Siti. (2018). Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kadar Hemoglobin (Hb) Pada Mahasiswa Keperawatan Angkatan 2013 Universitas Respati Yogyakarta [Skripsi]. Yogyakarta: Universitas Respati Yogyakarta.
17. Hidayati, I.Z; Astutik, E; Firdaus, H; dan Ayodiya, G. (2019). Penilaian Uji Validitas Instrumen Skrining Anemia Pada Siswa Madrasah Aliyah Islamic Center Baiturahman Banyuwangi. MaKMA: 2(3) : 48-58.
18. Işık Balcı, Y., Karabulut, A., Gürses, D., & Ethem Çövüt, I. (2012). Prevalence and Risk Factors of Anemia among Adolescents in Denizli, Turkey. Iranian journal of pediatrics, 22(1), 77–81.
19. Kementrian Kesehatan RI. (2019). Angka Kecukupan Gizi (AKG) 2019. Jakarta: Kementrian Kesehatan RI
20. Lipoeto, N.I., Aji, A.S., Faradila, F., Ayudia, F., Sukma, N.P., (2018). Maternal vitamin D intake and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels associated with blood pressure: A cross-sectional study in Padang, West Sumatra. MJN 24, 407–415.
21. Locasale J. W. (2013). Serine, glycine and one-carbon units: cancer metabolism in full circle. Nature reviews. Cancer, 13(8), 572–583. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrc3557.
22. Novitasari, Suci. (2014). Hubungan Tingkat Asupan Protein, Zat Besi, Vitamin C dan Seng dengan Kadar Hemoglobin pada Remaja Putri di SMA Batik 1 Surakarta [Skripsi]. Surakarta: Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta.
23. Nuraeni, Rizki. (2015). Hubungan Pola Diet dengan Kejadian Anemia pada Mahasiswa Kebidanan D IV Stikes ‘Aisyiyah Yogyakarta. [Skripsi]. Yogyakarta: Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan ‘Aisyiyah Yogyakarta.
24. Patimah, Sitti; Veni, Hadju; Burhanuddin, Bahar; dan Zulfikifli, Abdullah. (2011). Pola Konsumsi dan Kadar Hemoglobin pada Ibu Hamil di Kabupaten Maros Sulawesi Selatan. Jurnal Makara Kesehatan. 15(10): 31–36.
25. Prastyani, E L. (2017). Hubungan antara Pola makan dengan Kejadian Anemia pada Remaja Putri di SMA Kabupaten Bantul [Skrippsi]. Yogykarta: Universitas Alma Ata.
26. Reinke S, Taylor WR, Duda GN, von Haehling S, Reinke P, Volk HD, Anker SD, Doehner W. (2010). Absolute and functional iron deficiency in professional athletes during training and recovery. Int J Cardiol 156: 186–191.
27. Sahana, O.N., Sumarmi, S. (2015). Hubungan Asupan Mikronutrien Dengan Kadar Hemoglobin Pada Wanita Usia Subur (WUS). Media Gizi Indonesia 10, 184–191. https://doi.org/10.20473/mgi.v10i2.184-191.
28. Shvartsman, M., Bilican, S. & Lancrin, C. (2019). Iron deficiency disrupts embryonic haematopoiesis but not the endothelial to haematopoietic transition. Sci Rep 9, 6414. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-42765-y
29. Sirajuddin, surmita, dan astute trina. (2018). Bahan Ajar Gizi ed. 2018: Survey Konsumsi Pangan. Jakarta: Badan Pengembangan dan Pemberdayaan SUmber Daya Manusia Kesehatan, Kementrian Kesehatan RI.
30. Siallgan, D; Swamilaksita, P D dan Angkasa, D. (2016). Pengaruh Asupan Fe, Vitamin A, Vitamin B12, dan Vitamin C terhadap Kadar Hemoglobin pada Remaja Vegan. Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia: 13(2): 67-74
31. Pratiwi, Eka. (2015). Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Anemia [Skripsi]. Jakarta: Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah.
32. Shariff, S.A; dan Akbar, Nurlina. (2018). Hubungan antara Status Gizi dan Pola Menstruasi dengan Kejadian Anemia pada Mhasiswi Prodi Kebidanan Universitas Muslim Indonesia. Window of Health. 1(1) : 34-39.
33. Thomson CA, Stanaway J, Neuhouser ML, Snetselaar LG, Stefanick ML, Arendell L, Chen Z. (2011). Nutrient intake and Anemia Risk in the WHI Observational Study. J Am Diet Assoc: 111(4): 532;541.
34. Wicaksono, Teguh dan Noer, E R. (2018). Perbedaan Asupan Zat Gizi pada Lansia Anemia dan Non Anemia. Journal of Nutrition College: 2(3) : 358-363.
35. Zhang, Q., Qin, G., Liu, Z., Li, Z., Li, J., Varma, D. S., Wan, Q., Zhao, J., Min, X., Han, X., & Liu, M. (2018). Dietary Balance Index-07 and the Risk of Anemia in Middle Aged and Elderly People in Southwest China: A Cross Sectional Study. Nutrients, 10(2), 162. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10020162.
36. Bakti. Hematologi Klinik Ringkas. Jakarta : ECG; 2015.
Nurmilah, D., Aji, A., Helmyati, S., & Nurwanti, E. (2021). Micronutrients Intake Status Between Risk and Non-Risk Anemia Groups Among University Students in Indonesia. Journal of Global Nutrition, 1(1), 9-21. https://doi.org/10.53823/jgn.v1i1.18
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