Vol 5, No 1 (2025)

A diverse and nutritious diet is essential to support good nutritional status. Nutritional issues such as stunting and wasting in Central Sulawesi are influenced by dietary patterns, food security, and vulnerability. The Food Consumption Pattern Score (Skor Pola Pangan Harapan or PPH) is used to evaluate the quality of dietary intake and its impact on nutritional status. This study aimed to analyze changes in PPH scores, food security and vulnerability indices, and their relationship with the nutritional status of children in Central Sulawesi from 2021 to 2023. This ecological study utilized secondary data from districts in Central Sulawesi, analyzed descriptively and through linear regression to assess variable relationships. The average PPH score remained stable, ranging from 77.2% to 80.6%. Both energy and protein adequacy levels improved in most areas, but wasting prevalence increased from 8.9% in 2021 to 13.0% in 2023. Regression analysis indicated that better dietary patterns and food utilization significantly reduced stunting (p < 0.05), while life expectancy had a significant effect in reducing wasting (p = 0.014). Research in Central Sulawesi (2021–2023) reveals a reduction in stunting from 28.9% to 27.0% but a rise in wasting from 8.9% to 13.0%. Key factors include access to clean water and effective food utilization, which lower stunting risk, while life expectancy reduces wasting. Stabilized Hope Food Pattern Scores (PPH) negatively correlate with stunting. Interventions should prioritize clean water access, food utilization, nutrition education, and public health programs to enhance life expectancy and reduce malnutrition.

Breastfeeding fulfills the nutritional needs of infants aged 0-6 months. However, after six months, the nutritional requirements increase, necessitating the introduction of complementary foods (CF) rich in diverse protein sources, including animal and plant proteins, to support child growth. This study aims to describe the intake of animal and plant proteins, dietary diversity, and nutritional status (length-for-age) among children aged 6-23 months in the Maros Baru Public Health Center area. A descriptive quantitative study with a cross-sectional design was conducted, involving 171 children aged 6-23 months selected using multistage simple random sampling. Nutrient intake was assessed through a 24-hour food recall questionnaire, and dietary diversity was evaluated using the Minimum Dietary Diversity for Children (MDDC) questionnaire. Results showed that 42.7% of children were stunted. The daily total protein intake of stunted children (15.80 g) was lower than that of non-stunted children (19.65 g). Daily animal protein intake was also lower in stunted children (11.10 g) compared to non-stunted children (17.15 g), while plant protein intake was higher in stunted children (2.30 g) than in non-stunted children (1.90 g). Dietary diversity levels were lower among stunted children than non-stunted children. In conclusion, daily total protein and animal protein intakes from CF among stunted children were lower, and their dietary diversity was less compared to non-stunted children. Nutrition programs are recommended to promote protein-rich, diverse, and appropriately portioned CF for stunted children to support their growth and development.

The prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) in Indonesia tends to increase. One approach to managing diabetes in hospitals is administering of specialized formulas. This study aims to develop an enteral formula based on edamame flour and cinnamon powder (EKA-DM) for T2DM. The composition of the enteral formula ingredients was determined using a trial-and-error design by adjusting the weights of the components to achieve nutritional content that meets dietary requirements. The resulting formula was then evaluated regarding viscosity, osmolarity, NGT tube flowability, hedonic quality, and CDR color tests. Data analysis was conducted using univariate and bivariate approaches. The developed enteral formula “EKA-DM” in 1000 ml, provides 1013.59 kcal, with an energy density of 1.01 kcal/ml, 43.51 grams of protein, 52.79 grams of fat, 103.24 grams of carbohydrates, and 35.94 grams of dietary fiber. The viscosity and osmolarity of the formula were 10.00 mPa’s and 380 mOsm/L. Hedonic testing showed a significant difference in the taste of the enteral formula (p=0.045). The best formula, according to the panelists, was F3, with an edamame flour:cinnamon powder ratio of 65:35. Future studies are recommended to assess the formula’s glycemic index and shelf life.

Excessive sugar consumption can lead to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Stevia is a low-calorie natural sweetener. Yellow pumpkin is abundant in antioxidants β-carotene. The utilization of stevia with yellow pumpkin as a functional food option can contribute to improved health benefits. To determine the effect of cane sugar with stevia substitution on sensory evaluation and β-Carotene concentration in steamed yellow pumpkin brownies. This was a quasi-experimental study approach utilizing a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The experiment consisted of four treatments, each with different proportions of cane sugar and stevia. These treatments were labelled as P0 (100% cane sugar: 0% stevia), P1 (50% cane sugar: 50% stevia), P2 (25% cane sugar: 75% stevia), and P3 (0% cane sugar: 100% stevia). Hedonic tests are used to evaluate sensory features such as color, taste, aroma, and texture. Analysis of β-Carotene levels using the spectrophotometric method with a spectrophotometer. The data were subjected to analysis using One-way ANOVA.  There was a significant influence on the sensory evaluation of taste, aroma, and texture (p<0,05). However, there was no significant impact on the color sensory assessment (p>0.05). The substitution of stevia leaf sweeteners had a significant effect on the concentration of β-carotene brownies (≤0,001), which was the highest concentration in P3 group (74.21 ± 0.74 μg/100 g). Replacing cane sugar with stevia has an important effect on the taste, aroma, texture, and levels of β-Carotene in brownies. Promising functional foods such as pumpkin and stevia have the potential of a healthy snack for T2DM patients.

Nutritional problems among Islamic boarding school students need more attention, because the quality of food served at the boarding school is not widely known and tends to have a monotonous menu. On the other hand, Islamic boarding school students are known to often have the habit of consuming snack foods. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the intake of macronutrients in foods provided by the boarding schools and snacks bought by the stidents with the adequacy and nutritional status of students at the Tahfidz Wadil Qur'an Islamic Boarding School in South Tangerang. This study was a cross-Sectional study with collecting data from all students fulfilling the inclusion criteria (n=67). Data analysis used the Spearman Rank correlation test. Research. The study showed that around 14-28% of macronutrient requirements was fulfilled from snacks bought by the students, instead of food provided by the boarding school.There is a relationship between the intake of macronutrients (energy, protein, fat, and carbohydrates) in main foods and nutritional adequacy. There is a relationship between the intake of macronutrients (energy, protein, fat, and carbohydrates) in snack foods and nutritional adequacy. There is no relationship between the intake of macronutrients (energy, protein, fat, and carbohydrates) in main foods and status. There is no relationship between the intake of macronutrients (energy, protein, and carbohydrates) in snack foods and nutritional status. Research suggestion: For Islamic boarding schools Conducting routine monitoring of the nutritional status of students, and paying more attention to the variety of foods that will be given to students.

Abstract: Adolescence could be a move between childhood and grown-up stages. The predominance of overweight adolescents remains high in Bekasi, a megapolitan city in Indonesia. Adolescents' overweight can be caused by undesirable ways of life such as destitute eating propensities. Moreover, young people receive money from their guardians to purchase high-calorie snacks.  This considers points to dissect the relationship of diet diversity and pocket money with the wholesome status of students at SMA Patriot Bekasi. The study is categorized as a cross-sectional study. The inquiry about the test was comprised of 145 students from a private school in Bekasi named SMA Patriot. Data were gathered using a structured questionnaire, the Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQ-FFQ), and Individual Dietary Diversity Score (IDDS). The measurable examination utilized was the chi-square test. According to the findings, two-thirds of those students had high pocket money and were overweight. With a substantial p-value of 0.001, the amount of pocket money and nutritional status were associated. However, there was no significant association between dietary diversity and nutritional status. In conclusion, there is an association between dietary diversity and pocket money with adolescents' nutritional status, and there is no significant association between diet diversity  and nutritional status at SMA Patriot Bekasi. This study recommends holding health promotions about adolescent nutrition so the students can use their pocket money wisely to buy snacks during school.

The nutritional status of pregnant women is a factor that can influence stunting in toddlers as seen from the status of upper arm circumference measurements in the 3 month period of pregnancy. Based on the results of the 2021 Indonesian nutritional status survey, stunting in Batanghari Regency decreased to 24%, and in the 2022 Indonesian nutritional status survey, stunting in Batanghari Regency increased to 26%. Therefore, pregnancy is a critical period, which can affect the continuity of life in the future. Research Method: quantitative research through analytical observational with a cross sectional design. This research was conducted in the Community Health Center Work Area in Batanghari Regency, which is based on the highest prevalence of stunting in toddlers in 2022 in Batanghari Regency. The duration of the research was approximately 8 (eight) months from March to November 2023. The number of samples in this study was 245 pregnant women. The inclusion criteria in this study were pregnant women in the second trimester and third trimester. Research results show that the prevalence of anemic pregnant women in Batanghari Regency is 40.4%. Factors that influence pregnant women with anemia which are statistically significant are family income, upper arm circumference of pregnant women, body mass index of pregnant women, TT injection services, blood pressure check services. , services for administering blood supplement tablets, uterine fundus height services. Suggestion: increase access to health services for pregnant women, so that pregnant women will be exposed to information about the impact of anemia and improving nutritional and health status in other aspects can influence the anemia status of pregnant women

Jatisura Village is located in Cikedung District, Indramayu Regency. Most of the residents earn a living as agricultural workers. The village boasts various tourism opportunities, such as Situ Bolang Agrotourism, which serves to retain water for irrigating the fields of local farmers and can also yield freshwater fish that can be consumed or transformed into products for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises. The aim of the research is to assess the socio-cultural nutrition aspects, including economic conditions, educational levels, knowledge, and the nutritional status of school-aged children and adolescents in Jatisura Village. Method: mixed method approach. incorporating both qualitative explorative and quantitative techniques. A total of 12 participants were involved, including village officials, integrated health post cadres, adolescents, community leaders, traditional leaders, village midwives, and representatives from Islamic elementary and high schools. For the quantitative portion, purposive sampling was applied, comprising 18 health cadres, 32 adolescents from high schools, and 60 children from elementary schools. This study was carried out between September 2022 and March 2023. Results: The majority (90.1%) of residents in the village earn incomes below the Minimum Wage set by Indramayu Regency. Jatisura Village is home to Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises that have the capacity to export their products internationally, such as Rolisa Food, which produces mango crackers, mango seed coffee, mango preserves, mango juice, orange leaf nuts, and cow skin crackers. The understanding of nutrition among less than 33% of community leaders, 28.1% of teenagers, and 88.7% of school-age children is limited. In terms of nutritional status, 28.2% of teenagers are classified as underweight, and 16.7% of elementary school children show signs of stunting. Conclusion: The tourism opportunities in Jatisura Village can be enhanced by utilizing local food resources to create distinctive souvenirs, thereby boosting the income of the villagers. There are still adolescents experiencing inadequate nutritional levels and elementary school children facing stunting issues related to nutrition. It is essential to offer nutrition education and healthy food management training to the villagers to elevate their purchasing power for nutritious food and enhance education and health for the entire community.

Nutritional status, especially overnutrition in adolescents, is a multifactorial problem, including the influence of peers, lifestyle, and the amount of pocket money that affects diet. The frequency of coffee consumption with high sugar content is a habit that many adolescents have that can affect their nutritional status. This study aims to analyze the relationship between frequency of coffee consumption and sugar intake on the nutritional status of students at SMAN 50 Jakarta.  This study was observational in nature using a cross-sectional research design. A total of 97 respondents were obtained using purposive sampling technique. Data were collected using questionnaires related to respondent characteristics, frequency of coffee consumption, sugar intake, and nutritional status. The relationship between dietary coffee consumption and sugar intake on nutritional status was tested using the Spearman test. The results of this study are the majority of respondents 55.68% often consume coffee, 80.41% of respondents consume excess sugar derived from coffee consumption. Nutritional status is mostly distributed into the normal category (46.3%). Respondents who experienced undernutrition status amounted to 15.4%, and overnutrition amounted to 20.6% and obesity amounted to 17.5%. There is a significant relationship between the frequency of coffee consumption (p<0.001) and sugar intake from coffee (p<0.001) on the nutritional status of adolescents.

Introduction: Treatment of diabetes mellitus in critical conditions using NGT can be done through the administration of enteral formulas, one of which is the KAMEKAMA enteral formula which has been developed with various modifications. Red bean flour and cinnamon flour as functional local foods can be developed into KAMEKAMA formula for diabetes mellitus. Objective: This study aims to develop an enteral KAMEKAMA formula based on red bean flour and cinnamon flour for diabetes mellitus using NGT. Materials and Methods: This type of research is experimental with a trial and error design. The final product is assessed based on organoleptic quality, viscosity and osmolarity, NGT hose flowability, color difference ratio (CDR), the selected development formula is carried out through an empirical test of the approach to energy and nutritional value according to RS standards. Organoleptic quality assessment with 20 moderately trained panelists and 10 trained panelists. Results: The best enteral formula according to the panelists was F4, which is the ratio of red beans to cinnamon (75:60), the content of the KAMEKAMA enteral formula is energy which is 1010.46 kcal, nutritional value of protein 37.29 grams, fat 39.10 grams, carbohydrates 145.32 grams, and fiber 34.77 grams. Viscosity 8 mPa's and Osmolarity 304 mOsm/L. Organoleptic quality in color, aroma, and texture did not have significant differences, but in taste and after taste there were significant differences. Conclusion:  The utilization of red bean flour and cinnamon flour as functional local foods can be concluded as an alternative to the enteral formula of KAMEKAMA based on red beans and cinnamon for diabetes mellitus. Further research can carry out formula interventions in patients with diabetes mellitus and as well as formula glycemic index.